HS Code:
The 'Coffee, not roasted' category, classified under HS Code 0901.11 (for Arabica) and 0901.12 (for Robusta and other varieties), includes green coffee beans that have not been processed beyond drying and cleaning. This category is a critical segment of the global agricultural trade, as coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. The trade primarily involves exporting countries in tropical regions, where coffee is grown, and importing countries in North America, Europe, and Asia, where it is roasted and consumed. The market is influenced by factors such as weather conditions, geopolitical stability in producing regions, and consumer preferences for specialty and sustainable coffee.
Total Trade Volume
Approximately 10.5 million metric tons
Data from 2022
Source
International Coffee Organization (ICO) and UN Comtrade Database
3.8 million metric tons
36% of global trade of total trade
Increasing
1.7 million metric tons
16% of global trade of total trade
Stable
1.2 million metric tons
11% of global trade of total trade
Increasing
0.8 million metric tons
8% of global trade of total trade
Increasing
0.6 million metric tons
6% of global trade of total trade
Stable
Average Rate
5.2% ad valorem
Highest Rate
Up to 20% in certain non-WTO member countries or under specific quotas
Lowest Rate
0% under free trade agreements (e.g., EU-ACP Cotonou Agreement for African countries)
Rising demand for specialty coffee
Increased focus on traceability and quality has boosted prices for high-grade beans from countries like Ethiopia and Colombia, benefiting smallholder farmers but raising costs for importers.
2021-2023
Climate change affecting yields
Erratic weather patterns in key producing regions (e.g., drought in Brazil) have led to supply shortages, driving price volatility in the global market.
2020-2023
Sustainability certifications gaining traction
Growing consumer preference for ethically sourced coffee has increased demand for Rainforest Alliance and Fair Trade certifications, influencing trade agreements and market access.
2019-2023
Severe frosts in Brazil during mid-2021 damaged coffee crops, significantly reducing output for the 2021/22 harvest season and causing a spike in global coffee prices.
July 2021
Global coffee prices rose by over 50% in late 2021, affecting importers and consumers while benefiting other exporting countries like Vietnam.
The European Union introduced new regulations requiring proof that coffee imports are not linked to deforestation, set to be fully implemented by late 2024.
June 2023
Producing countries must adapt by improving supply chain transparency, potentially increasing costs but also incentivizing sustainable farming practices.
Vietnam reported a record export volume of Robusta coffee in 2022, driven by high demand from Europe amid supply concerns from Brazil.
December 2022
Strengthened Vietnam’s position as a key supplier, balancing market dynamics and stabilizing prices for Robusta varieties.