HS Code:
The 'Other coal' category, classified under HS Code 2701.19, includes coal types that are not anthracite, bituminous, or lignite. This category typically encompasses sub-bituminous coal and other lower-grade coal varieties used primarily for energy generation and industrial purposes. It is a critical resource in countries with significant energy demands and limited access to higher-grade coal or alternative energy sources. The trade of 'Other coal' is influenced by factors such as energy policies, environmental regulations, and shifts toward renewable energy sources.
Total Trade Volume
Approximately 150 million metric tons
Data from 2022
Source
United Nations Comtrade Database and International Energy Agency (IEA)
45 million metric tons
30% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
30 million metric tons
20% of total trade of total trade
Stable
20 million metric tons
13% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
15 million metric tons
10% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
10 million metric tons
7% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
Average Rate
5.2% ad valorem
Highest Rate
15% (imposed by certain developing countries to protect domestic industries)
Lowest Rate
0% (under free trade agreements like the EU and ASEAN)
Shift towards cleaner energy sources
Reduced demand for 'Other coal' in developed economies as countries transition to renewables and natural gas, leading to a focus on exports to emerging markets.
2020-2022
Increased demand in Asia-Pacific
Growing energy needs in countries like India and Vietnam have boosted imports of 'Other coal', offsetting declines in Western markets.
2021-2023
Stricter environmental regulations
Policies targeting carbon emissions have led to declining trade in high-emission coal types, pushing exporters to focus on cleaner processing methods.
2019-2022
Indonesia, the largest exporter of 'Other coal', temporarily banned exports in early 2022 to secure domestic supply but relaxed restrictions mid-year due to global demand pressures.
January 2022 - June 2022
Caused short-term price spikes and supply chain disruptions in importing countries like India and China.
The European Union accelerated its coal phase-out timeline under the Green Deal, impacting imports of 'Other coal' from countries like South Africa and Russia.
March 2022
Redirected export flows to Asian markets, increasing competition among suppliers.
Sanctions and trade restrictions on Russia due to the Ukraine conflict have reduced its 'Other coal' exports to Europe, creating opportunities for other exporters like Colombia.
February 2022 - Ongoing
Shifted trade patterns, with higher shipping costs and rerouting of supply chains.