HS Code:
Endosulfan (ISO) is an organochlorine insecticide and acaricide used primarily in agriculture to control a wide range of pests on crops such as cotton, tea, and vegetables. Classified under HS Code 2908.99 (Halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols or phenol-alcohols), it has been widely used in developing countries due to its cost-effectiveness. However, due to its high toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulation, Endosulfan has been banned or restricted in many countries under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Global trade has significantly declined as a result of these regulations, with trade now limited to a few regions where usage is still permitted or exemptions apply.
Total Trade Volume
Approximately USD 10 million
Data from 2022
Source
UN Comtrade Database, International Trade Centre (ITC)
USD 4.5 million
45% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
USD 3 million
30% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
USD 1.2 million
12% of total trade of total trade
Stable
USD 0.8 million
8% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
USD 0.5 million
5% of total trade of total trade
Stable
Average Rate
5-8% ad valorem
Highest Rate
15% (applied by certain African nations)
Lowest Rate
0% (under free trade agreements or exemptions in select regions)
Global phase-out due to environmental and health concerns
Significant reduction in trade volume as countries transition to safer alternatives like neonicotinoids or biopesticides
2011-2022
Shift to alternative pest control solutions
Increased R&D investment in eco-friendly pesticides, reducing demand for Endosulfan
2015-2022
Limited trade in non-signatory countries or under exemptions
Small-scale trade persists in regions with temporary exemptions or non-compliance with international agreements
2020-2022
Endosulfan remains listed under Annex A of the Stockholm Convention, with ongoing discussions to eliminate remaining exemptions for specific uses in a few countries.
April 2022
Further reduction in global trade expected as exemptions are phased out.
India, once a major producer and exporter, has upheld a Supreme Court ban on Endosulfan production and use, except for specific research purposes under strict control.
May 2021
Significant decline in export volumes from India, redirecting market share to other limited producers.
Agricultural organizations and chemical companies are promoting safer, biodegradable alternatives to Endosulfan, supported by government subsidies in several countries.
October 2022
Accelerated decline in demand for Endosulfan as farmers adopt subsidized alternatives.