HS Code:
Printed Circuit Assemblies (PCAs), classified under HS Code 8542.90, are integral components of electronic devices, consisting of printed circuit boards (PCBs) with mounted electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits. These assemblies are crucial for the functionality of a wide range of products, including smartphones, computers, automotive electronics, and industrial equipment. The global trade of PCAs reflects the high demand for electronics and the complex supply chains that characterize the industry, with manufacturing often concentrated in specific regions due to cost advantages, technological expertise, and supply chain efficiencies.
Total Trade Volume
USD 800 billion
Data from 2022
Source
United Nations Comtrade Database & World Trade Organization (WTO)
USD 350 billion
43.75% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
USD 120 billion
15.00% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
USD 90 billion
11.25% of total trade of total trade
Stable
USD 60 billion
7.50% of total trade of total trade
Stable
USD 50 billion
6.25% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
Average Rate
4.5% ad valorem
Highest Rate
15% (imposed by certain developing countries to protect domestic industries)
Lowest Rate
0% (under free trade agreements like USMCA and EU-Japan EPA)
Shift towards miniaturization and high-density interconnect (HDI) PCAs
Increased demand for advanced manufacturing capabilities and higher costs, benefiting countries with cutting-edge technology like Taiwan and South Korea
2021-2023
Rising demand for PCAs in electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy systems
Growth in trade volume as automotive and green energy sectors expand, creating new opportunities for exporters
2020-2023
Supply chain diversification due to geopolitical tensions and COVID-19 disruptions
Countries like Vietnam and India are emerging as alternative manufacturing hubs, reducing reliance on China
2020-2022
The ongoing trade war between the US and China has led to additional tariffs on Chinese PCAs, prompting companies to relocate manufacturing to Southeast Asia.
Mid-2022
Increased costs for US importers and a gradual shift in global supply chains
The European Union has introduced stricter regulations under the Green Deal, mandating eco-friendly materials and recycling standards for PCAs.
January 2023
Higher compliance costs for exporters to the EU but potential long-term benefits for sustainable manufacturers
Taiwan announced significant investments in 5G and AI-driven PCA manufacturing, reinforcing its position as a global leader in the sector.
March 2023
Likely to increase Taiwan's market share and influence pricing trends globally