HS Code:
Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM) falls under HS Code 8542.32, which includes electronic integrated circuits as memory. DRAM is a type of semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a memory cell consisting of a tiny capacitor and a transistor. It is widely used in digital electronics, particularly in computers, gaming consoles, and mobile devices, due to its high speed and efficiency. DRAM is volatile memory, meaning it loses stored data when power is turned off, necessitating constant refreshing of data. The global trade of DRAM is a critical component of the electronics supply chain, driven by demand for consumer electronics, data centers, and emerging technologies like AI and IoT.
Total Trade Volume
USD 92.5 billion
Data from 2022
Source
United Nations Comtrade Database, International Trade Centre (ITC)
Average Rate
3.5%
Highest Rate
8.0% (imposed by certain developing countries)
Lowest Rate
0.0% (under free trade agreements like USMCA and EU-Japan EPA)
Rising Demand for High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM)
Driven by AI, machine learning, and data center growth, HBM DRAM is increasing trade volumes for specialized memory products, benefiting key exporters like South Korea and Taiwan.
2022-2023
Shift to DDR5 Standards
Adoption of DDR5 DRAM in new computing devices is accelerating replacement cycles, boosting trade but creating supply chain pressures for older DDR4 inventory.
2021-2023
Geopolitical Tensions Impacting Supply Chains
US-China trade restrictions and export controls on semiconductor equipment are reshaping DRAM trade flows, with increased regionalization of supply chains.
2020-2023
The US imposed stricter export controls on advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment to China, affecting DRAM production and trade routes.
October 2022
Increased production costs for Chinese manufacturers and potential trade diversion to other regions like Taiwan and South Korea.
Major South Korean companies like Samsung and SK Hynix announced multi-billion-dollar investments in DRAM production to meet rising global demand.
March 2023
Solidifies South Korea’s dominance in the DRAM market, potentially increasing export volumes by 15-20% over the next five years.
The European Union introduced the EU Chips Act to reduce dependency on Asian DRAM imports by incentivizing local semiconductor manufacturing.
February 2023
May lead to a gradual decrease in import volumes from Asia and potential new trade barriers for non-EU suppliers.