HS Code:
Manifold business forms and interleaved carbon sets, classified under HS Code 482040, include pre-printed forms used for business transactions, such as invoices, receipts, and order forms, often designed with multiple copies using carbon paper or carbonless technology. These products are essential in industries requiring manual record-keeping or duplicate documentation, though their usage has declined with the advent of digital solutions. They are still prevalent in regions with limited digital infrastructure or in sectors prioritizing physical records for legal or archival purposes.
Total Trade Volume
USD 150 million
Data from 2022
Source
United Nations Comtrade Database
USD 35 million
23.3% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
USD 25 million
16.7% of total trade of total trade
Stable
USD 20 million
13.3% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
USD 15 million
10.0% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
USD 10 million
6.7% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
Average Rate
5.2%
Highest Rate
12% (applied by certain developing countries to protect domestic printing industries)
Lowest Rate
0% (under free trade agreements like EU-USMCA or in WTO member countries with specific exemptions)
Shift to Digital Documentation
Significant reduction in demand for manifold forms as businesses adopt electronic invoicing and record-keeping systems, particularly in developed economies.
2020-2022
Growth in Emerging Markets
Increased demand in regions with limited digital infrastructure, such as parts of Africa and South Asia, where manual documentation remains critical.
2021-2023
Sustainability Concerns
Pressure on manufacturers to adopt eco-friendly materials and reduce reliance on carbon paper due to environmental regulations and consumer preferences.
2022
The European Union introduced new regulations limiting the use of certain chemicals in carbon paper production, affecting manufacturers exporting to the region.
June 2023
Increased production costs for exporters and potential market share loss for non-compliant suppliers.
The Indian government launched incentives for local manufacturers of business forms to reduce reliance on imports, including subsidies and lower taxes.
March 2023
Strengthened local industry, potentially reducing import volumes from major exporters like China.
A new bilateral agreement reduced tariffs on paper products, including manifold forms, between the US and China as part of broader trade negotiations.
January 2023
Increased trade flow of these products from China to the US, benefiting Chinese exporters.