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📦 Grouper

Grouper

HS Code:

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Overview

Groupers are a category of marine fish under the family Serranidae, widely valued for their culinary use and found in tropical and subtropical waters. They are traded globally as fresh, frozen, or live fish, primarily for seafood markets and aquaculture. The Harmonized System (HS) Code for groupers typically falls under 0302 (fresh or chilled fish) or 0303 (frozen fish), depending on the product form. This category is significant in international trade due to high demand in regions like Asia, North America, and Europe, though it faces challenges related to overfishing and sustainability.

Total Trade Volume

Approximately 200,000 metric tons

Data from 2022

Source

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Fisheries Statistics and International Trade Centre (ITC) Trade Map

Tariff Analysis

Average Rate

5-10% ad valorem

Highest Rate

20% (imposed by certain countries like India for imported frozen fish)

Lowest Rate

0% (under free trade agreements such as ASEAN or USMCA)

Common Restrictions

  • Import quotas to protect domestic fisheries
  • Sustainability certifications required (e.g., Marine Stewardship Council)
  • Health and safety standards for seafood imports
  • Bans on certain species due to overfishing concerns

Market Trends

Rising demand for sustainable seafood

Increased focus on aquaculture and certification programs to ensure sustainable fishing practices for groupers, driving up costs but improving long-term supply stability.

2021-2023

Growth in aquaculture production

Countries like Indonesia and China are expanding grouper farming to meet global demand, reducing pressure on wild stocks but introducing concerns over disease and environmental impact.

2020-2022

Increasing live fish trade

High demand in Asian markets for live groupers (especially for restaurants) has boosted trade value, though it poses logistical and ethical challenges.

2019-2023

Recent Developments

New Sustainability Regulations in the EU

The European Union introduced stricter import regulations for seafood, including groupers, requiring proof of sustainable sourcing starting in mid-2023.

June 2023

Exporters from developing countries may face higher compliance costs, potentially reducing trade volumes to the EU in the short term.

Indonesia Expands Grouper Aquaculture

Indonesia announced a $50 million investment in grouper farming infrastructure to boost production and exports by 20% over the next five years.

March 2023

This could solidify Indonesia's position as the leading exporter, potentially lowering global prices due to increased supply.

US-China Trade Agreement Update

A revised trade agreement reduced tariffs on certain seafood products, including groupers, between the US and China, effective from early 2023.

January 2023

This is expected to increase US imports of groupers from China, benefiting Chinese exporters and US consumers with lower prices.