HS Code:
Gallium (HS Code: 8112.92) is a rare metal primarily used in the electronics industry, especially in the production of semiconductors, LEDs, and solar panels. It is a critical material for high-tech applications due to its unique properties, such as a low melting point and high conductivity. Gallium is often extracted as a byproduct of aluminum and zinc mining, making its supply chain dependent on the production of these primary metals. Global trade in gallium is influenced by technological demand, geopolitical factors, and resource availability.
Total Trade Volume
Approximately $250 million USD
Data from 2022
Source
United Nations Comtrade Database and International Trade Centre (ITC)
$150 million USD
60% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
$30 million USD
12% of total trade of total trade
Stable
$25 million USD
10% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
$20 million USD
8% of total trade of total trade
Stable
$15 million USD
6% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
Average Rate
5.2% ad valorem
Highest Rate
15% (imposed by certain developing countries on imports)
Lowest Rate
0% (under free trade agreements like EU-Japan EPA)
Rising demand for gallium in renewable energy technologies
Increased trade volume due to the growth of solar panel manufacturing and energy-efficient lighting solutions
2021-2023
Supply chain diversification efforts
Countries like the US and EU are seeking alternative sources to reduce dependency on Chinese gallium, driving new trade partnerships
2022-2023
Technological advancements in semiconductor production
Higher purity gallium requirements are pushing up prices and influencing trade toward specialized suppliers
2020-2023
In July 2023, China announced export restrictions on gallium and germanium, citing national security concerns. Exporters must now obtain special licenses.
July 2023
Significant disruption in global supply chains, with potential price spikes and increased trade tensions. Countries like the US and Japan are accelerating efforts to secure alternative suppliers.
The European Union included gallium in its list of critical raw materials, aiming to boost domestic production and reduce reliance on imports.
March 2023
Encourages investment in recycling and mining within the EU, potentially reshaping trade patterns by reducing import dependency.
The US and Japan signed an agreement to collaborate on critical minerals, including gallium, to ensure stable supply for semiconductor industries.
March 2023
Strengthens bilateral trade in gallium, potentially increasing trade volumes between the two nations and reducing reliance on other exporters.