HS Code:
Hem-fir is a category of softwood lumber that includes Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and various species of Fir (Abies spp.). It is primarily used in construction, particularly for framing, and is valued for its strength, stability, and workability. This category is a significant part of the global timber trade, with major production and export activities centered in North America, particularly in the United States and Canada. Hem-fir is often grouped together due to similar physical properties, making it a versatile choice for structural applications. The trade of Hem-fir is influenced by housing market demands, environmental regulations, and international trade policies.
Total Trade Volume
Approximately 15 million cubic meters
Data from 2022
Source
International Trade Centre (ITC) Trade Map and FAO Forestry Statistics
8.5 million cubic meters
56.7% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
5.2 million cubic meters
34.7% of total trade of total trade
Stable
0.6 million cubic meters
4.0% of total trade of total trade
Decreasing
0.5 million cubic meters
3.3% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
0.2 million cubic meters
1.3% of total trade of total trade
Stable
Average Rate
5.2% ad valorem
Highest Rate
20% (imposed by certain developing countries)
Lowest Rate
0% (under free trade agreements such as USMCA)
Rising demand in Asia-Pacific for construction materials
Increased exports from North America to markets like China and Japan, driven by urbanization and infrastructure projects.
2021-2022
Fluctuations in US housing market
Direct correlation with Hem-fir demand; a slowdown in housing starts in 2022 led to reduced domestic consumption in the US.
2022
Growing emphasis on sustainable forestry
Increased costs for producers due to certification requirements, but also access to premium markets in Europe and North America.
2020-2022
Ongoing negotiations between the US and Canada regarding softwood lumber tariffs and trade practices aim to resolve long-standing disputes over subsidies and dumping allegations.
Mid-2023
Potential reduction in tariffs could boost Canadian exports to the US, stabilizing prices for Hem-fir.
Increased infrastructure spending in China has led to a surge in demand for imported softwood, including Hem-fir, to support rapid urbanization.
Early 2023
Higher export volumes to China, creating new market opportunities for North American producers.
Stricter logging regulations and protected area expansions in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest have constrained Hem-fir supply.
Late 2022
Reduced supply has led to price increases and potential shifts to alternative species or regions for sourcing.