HS Code:
Manhole covers, rings, and frames fall under the Harmonized System (HS) Code 7325.99, which includes other cast articles of iron or steel, not elsewhere specified. These products are critical components of urban infrastructure, used to cover access points to underground utility systems such as sewers, water mains, and telecommunications networks. They are primarily made from cast iron, ductile iron, or composite materials, balancing durability with cost-effectiveness. The global trade of manhole covers and related products is driven by urbanization, infrastructure development, and maintenance needs in both developed and developing countries.
Total Trade Volume
Approximately $1.2 billion USD
Data from 2022
Source
United Nations Comtrade Database and International Trade Centre (ITC)
$450 million USD
37.5% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
$300 million USD
25.0% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
$150 million USD
12.5% of total trade of total trade
Stable
$100 million USD
8.3% of total trade of total trade
Stable
$80 million USD
6.7% of total trade of total trade
Increasing
Average Rate
5.5% ad valorem
Highest Rate
12% (imposed by certain developing countries to protect local industries)
Lowest Rate
0% (under free trade agreements like EU Single Market or USMCA)
Shift towards composite materials
Increasing demand for lightweight, corrosion-resistant manhole covers made from composites or reinforced plastics, reducing reliance on traditional cast iron and affecting trade patterns for raw materials.
2021-2023
Urbanization in developing economies
Rapid urban growth in Asia and Africa is driving demand for infrastructure products, boosting exports from major producers like China and India.
2020-2023
Sustainability and recycling initiatives
Growing emphasis on using recycled materials for manhole covers in Europe and North America is influencing sourcing and production, with potential cost increases but better environmental compliance.
2022-2023
The European Union extended anti-dumping duties on cast iron manhole covers from China, citing unfair pricing practices that harm local manufacturers.
March 2023
Increased costs for EU importers, potential shift in sourcing to India or Turkey.
The US passed legislation allocating significant funds for infrastructure upgrades, including sewer and water systems, leading to higher demand for manhole covers and frames.
November 2021
Boost in domestic production and imports, benefiting key exporters like India and China.
India introduced incentives under the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to boost manufacturing and export of cast iron products, including manhole covers.
April 2022
Strengthened Indiaโs position as a leading exporter, potentially challenging Chinaโs dominance.